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02
Sociological Research: How Do We Learn About Society?
0
1
Men are likely to express romantic love sooner in a couple’s relationship than are women. In this example, “expression of romantic love” is:
the independent variable.
a random variable.
a spurious variable.
the dependent variable.
0
2
To clarify the influence of the independent variable on the dependent one, other variables should be held constant. These other variables are referred to as:
control variables.
random variables.
interdependent variables.
hypothetical variables.
0
3
The speculation that ice cream consumption increases juvenile delinquency is a:
theory.
concept.
hypothesis.
correlation.
0
4
Professor Curry told his class that poverty negatively affects people’s ability to access health care. Poverty is the:
theory.
operational definition.
independent variable.
causal variable.
0
5
A comprehensive and systematic explanation of events that lead to testable predictions is a:
theory.
hypothesis.
principle.
proposition.
0
6
An apparent, although false, association between two or more variables caused by some other variable is termed a:
spurious correlation.
scientific control.
specious association.
negative correlation.
0
7
The question, “Would you get the same results if you repeated the measurement,” is related to:
reliability.
validity.
triangulation.
repeatability.
0
8
What is the term for the quality of measuring precisely what one intends to measure?
measurement congruence
reliability
repeatability
validity
0
9
Well suited to studying large numbers of people, __________ use(s) questionnaires and interviews for data collection.
survey research
experiments
interviews
field research
1
0
A part of a population that represents the whole is called a/an:
target group.
experimental group.
sample.
sampling frame.
1
1
When researchers draw a sample from the population in such a way that every member has an equal chance of being selected, he is ensuring that he has a/an:
random sample.
representative population.
target group.
large enough sample.
1
2
__________ is a research design aimed directly, in natural settings, collecting data on what people say and do.
The survey
The experiment
Field research
Participant observation
1
3
If you resided with a tribe of Aborigines for a year and then published a description of their customs, beliefs, and values, what type of research would this be?
case study
ethnography
exploratory study
experiment
1
4
Research methods designed to produce numerical estimates of human behavior represent ________ data.
quantitative
qualitative
arithmetical
factoid
1
5
__________ data includes words, pictures, photos, or any other type of information that comes to the researcher in a non-numeric form.
Quantitative
Qualitative
Methodological
Hypothetical
1
6
A researcher interest in political campaigns has looked through newspapers and recorded the amount of coverage given to different aspects of political candidates, from their personal backgrounds to their views on education or the economy. Which research
participant observation
document sampling
ethnography
content analysis
1
7
Which type of research design is the foundation for science in general, regardless of discipline?
the experiment
survey research
research
content analysis
1
8
A researcher wishes to examine the effects of telling jokes during an exam on the test performance of sociology students. An experiment is conducted in which one class is told jokes and another is not. The class not told the jokes is:
found to score higher.
the control group.
the experimental group.
most important in the experiment.
1
9
Most participant observation research is
qualitative.
quantitative.
designed to test hypotheses formulated before data collection.
conducted in a university setting.
2
0
Which of these is an ethical obligation of sociologists when they are conducting research?
Participants must give informed consent.
The researcher must make sure that participants are lied to.
Researchers must protect their own interests at all cost.
Researchers can accept funding from any organization, as long as they acknowledge the source.
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