15 Consciousness

01

Which of the following levels of consciousness represents the highest level of awareness or alertness?

Alter state of consciousness

Minimal consciousness

Self-consciousness

Full consciousness
02

“Thinking about your own thoughts” is called __________.

self-consciousness

minimal consciousness

reversed cognition

metacognition
03

Freud believed that we bury information in the unconscious through the process of __________.

subconsciousizing

actualization

denial

repression
04

The __________ control function is an aspect of consciousness that helps people inhibit urges they have that are not moral, ethical, or practical; it equips people with the conscious self-awareness necessary to analyze and evaluate their thoughts before they act on those thoughts.

executive

conscious

discriminatory

conscience
05

The __________ rhythm is a biological clock that regulates body functions on a 24-hour cycle.

REM

melatonic

circadian

K-complex
06

How many stages of sleep are there in human beings?

3

4

5

6
07

Which of the following physical events does not occur during REM sleep?

Heart rate increases

Muscular tension increases as dream activity becomes more intense

Breathing becomes rapid and irregular

Eyes begin darting around behind the eyelids every 30 seconds or so
08

Around the same time every semester, Professor Martinez notices that student absenteeism starts to increase; specifically, students report being sick more around midterm exam time and around the end of the semester. What is most likely contributing to this increase in the number of students missing classes?

Students are skipping class because they are taking class time to study for exams and complete projects.

Students are getting less sleep, which makes them more susceptible to illness.

Students are missing classes because they are experiencing the dread of the exams, and this causes a temporary “school phobia” situation.

Students are missing classes because they feel that the class lectures that precede midterm and final exams are not as important as studying on their own.
09

Which of the following sleep disorders is most commonly seen in children?

sleep apnea

narcolepsy

night terrors

insomnia
10

According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ content of a dream refers to what we explicitly remember about a dream, including its storyline, characters, and details.

hidden

manifest

latent

lucid
11

Abdulkadir had a very strange thing happen to him last night. He was sound asleep in bed, and he was dreaming that he was at a party when he won the $250 million dollar lottery spin. As everyone was screaming, jumping up and down, and celebrating, Abdulkadir had the strangest sensation that he was actually dreaming. As it turns out, unfortunately, he was right. What principle explains this experience?

lucid dreaming

conscious dreaming

unconscious dreaming

sentient dreaming
12

According to Sigmund Freud, our inner conflicts and unconscious desires can be identified and analyzed through __________.

reflective listening

meditation

the use of psychotropic medications

dream interpretation.
13

The activation-__________ theory of dreaming states that dreams are the result of the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural electrical activity while we sleep.

information

processing

synthesis

lucidity
14

Credit for the development of the techniques of modern hypnosis goes to __________.

Sigmund Freud

Josef Breuer

Anton Mesmer

Jean Charcot
15

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to hypnosis?

Everyone can be hypnotized, whether they are open to the experience or not.

Different people have different levels of hypnotic susceptibility.

Hypnosis is a scam – a parlor game – that is used to give the illusion of some sort of effective intervention.

People who think they cannot be hypnotized are actually the easiest to hypnotize.
16

A __________ suggestion is an instruction that is made during hypnosis that is executed by the participant when he or she is no longer hypnotized.

hypnotic analgesic

posthypnotic

phasic

post-hoc
17

Hypnotic __________ consists of pain relief through hypnosis.

suggestion

hypoplasia

anesthesia

analgesia
18

What sort of changes in brain waves do people experience when they are in a deeply meditative or relaxed state?

Their brain shows brain wave activity that approximates the changes associated with the ingestion of a hallucinatory drug, like marijuana or PCP.

Their brain shows brain wave activity that is similar to that seen during sleep.

Their brain shows brain wave activity that actually shuts down completely for brief periods of time, which explains the transcendental state associated with meditation.

Their brain shows unchanged brain wave activity, suggesting that the effects of meditation are more of a psychiatric illusion than a physical event.
19

While many Eastern cultures and religious value meditation as a way of direction consciousness away from worldly preoccupations, _________ meditation involves a focused awareness of everything you experience.

hyperalert

omnipresent

sentient

mindfulness
20

Which of the following has not been demonstrated by research as a skill or ability that is induced via meditation?

The ability to increase intelligence

The ability to cure bacterial infections without medication

The ability to raise body temperature

The ability to raise metabolism

15 Consciousness

Which of the following levels of consciousness represents the highest level of awareness or alertness?

“Thinking about your own thoughts” is called __________.

Freud believed that we bury information in the unconscious through the process of __________.

The __________ control function is an aspect of consciousness that helps people inhibit urges they have that are not moral, ethical, or practical; it equips people with the conscious self-awareness necessary to analyze and evaluate their thoughts before they act on those thoughts.

The __________ rhythm is a biological clock that regulates body functions on a 24-hour cycle.

How many stages of sleep are there in human beings?

Which of the following physical events does not occur during REM sleep?

Which of the following sleep disorders is most commonly seen in children?

According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ content of a dream refers to what we explicitly remember about a dream, including its storyline, characters, and details.

According to Sigmund Freud, our inner conflicts and unconscious desires can be identified and analyzed through __________.

The activation-__________ theory of dreaming states that dreams are the result of the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural electrical activity while we sleep.

Credit for the development of the techniques of modern hypnosis goes to __________.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to hypnosis?

A __________ suggestion is an instruction that is made during hypnosis that is executed by the participant when he or she is no longer hypnotized.

Hypnotic __________ consists of pain relief through hypnosis.

What sort of changes in brain waves do people experience when they are in a deeply meditative or relaxed state?

While many Eastern cultures and religious value meditation as a way of direction consciousness away from worldly preoccupations, _________ meditation involves a focused awareness of everything you experience.

Which of the following has not been demonstrated by research as a skill or ability that is induced via meditation?