12 Memory

01

Which of the following is not one of the basic types of memory?

sensory memory

working memory

immediate memory

long-term memory
02

The three key processes of memory are:

sensory, working, and long-term.

encoding, retrieval, and application.

interpretation, encoding, and storage.

encoding, storage, and retrieval.
03

The inability to retrieve information that has been previously stored is called __________.

encoding blockage

forgetting

storage erosion

interference
04

With regard to the three-stage model of memory suggested by Atkinson and Shiffrin, what has recent research found?

It is possible for information to make it into our long-term memory without going through the first two stages of the model.

The model is very accurate, as supported by the fact that people with sensory impairment like blindness or deafness have memory systems that are far less reliable than those without such deficits.

Encoding is a process whose importance was overestimated by Atkinson and Shiffrin, since only information to which we consciously attend is actually encoded.

There are, in fact, more than three types of memory storage.
05

As sensory information comes into your body in the form of visual energy, or light, it is received by the eyes, sent to the brain, and encoded in the visual _________.

lobe

nucleus

register

cortex
06

Which lobe of the cerebrum plays a prominent role in the encoding and storage of working and long-term memory?

The occipital lobe

The parietal lobe

The frontal lobe

The temporal lobe
07

If you see a bolt of lightning flash across the sky, you will have a visual memory of that stimulus for a brief second after it occurs. This sort of memory is called __________, which refers to our visual sensory memory.

photographic

eidetic

iconic

echoic
08

In the movie “The Chosen,” based on the book by Chaim Potok, one of the main characters, Danny, is able to recite verbatim an entire newspaper article from memory after looking at it for fewer than 10 seconds. This is an example of __________ memory.

flawless

iconic

photographic

eidetic
09

Which cognitive process allows us to determine which of the many sensations around us we are going to store in memory and which of those data we are going to discard?

eidetics

selection

attention

concentration
10

When you study for an exam, knowing that the outcome could make or break your semester grade, you are using __________ encoding.

conscious

affective

affected

imperative
11

Which of the following types of information will be the easiest for us to encode and remember?

Information that holds some personal meaning to us.

Information that uses only one type of encoding, so that it does not become “muddled” on the way into our memories.

Information that is auditory in nature.

Information that is repeated to us more than one time.
12

When you are given a list of items to remember, you will probably have little difficulty remembering what came at the end of the list. This is known as the __________ effect.

trailing

subsequence

serial position

recency
13

__________ is the process of activating associations in memory just before starting a certain task.

Priming

Reading

Impulsing

Preparing
14

A procedural memory, which is the memory of habits and skills that we perform, is one type of __________ memory.

declarative

explicit

implicit

episodic
15

“I’ll never forget the day my daughter was born,” Said Lakia’s mother. “I remember the people who were there, what they were wearing, how I felt, and the joy of seeing her for the first time!” Clearly, the birth of her daughter was a __________ to Lakia’s mother.

photographic

flashbulb

eidetic

explicit
16

Which of the following brain structures does not play a role in the formation and storage of implicit long-term memories?

The cerebellum

The hippocampus

The cerebrum

The basal ganglia
17

Hermann Ebbinghaus’s research led to the development of the __________.

forgetting curve

Yerkes-Dodson law

theory of retrograde amnesia

theory of anterograde amnesia
18

The __________ law states that, in general, performance peaks with a moderate level of arousal.

Yerkes-Dodson

Ebbinghaus

Atkinson-Shiffrin

Affective decay
19

After her car accident, Mollie had no memory of the party she’d been to in the hours before she suffered a head injury. She has no difficulties, however, encoding and storing new information. Mollie is suffering from __________ amnesia.

anterograde

retrograde

retroactive

proactive
20

Which part of the brain is most likely to be injured in a person suffering from Anterograde amnesia?

The putamen

The hippocampus

The amygdala

The frontal lobe

12 Memory

Which of the following is not one of the basic types of memory?

The three key processes of memory are:

The inability to retrieve information that has been previously stored is called __________.

With regard to the three-stage model of memory suggested by Atkinson and Shiffrin, what has recent research found?

As sensory information comes into your body in the form of visual energy, or light, it is received by the eyes, sent to the brain, and encoded in the visual _________.

Which lobe of the cerebrum plays a prominent role in the encoding and storage of working and long-term memory?

If you see a bolt of lightning flash across the sky, you will have a visual memory of that stimulus for a brief second after it occurs. This sort of memory is called __________, which refers to our visual sensory memory.

In the movie “The Chosen,” based on the book by Chaim Potok, one of the main characters, Danny, is able to recite verbatim an entire newspaper article from memory after looking at it for fewer than 10 seconds. This is an example of __________ memory.

Which cognitive process allows us to determine which of the many sensations around us we are going to store in memory and which of those data we are going to discard?

When you study for an exam, knowing that the outcome could make or break your semester grade, you are using __________ encoding.

Which of the following types of information will be the easiest for us to encode and remember?

When you are given a list of items to remember, you will probably have little difficulty remembering what came at the end of the list. This is known as the __________ effect.

__________ is the process of activating associations in memory just before starting a certain task.

A procedural memory, which is the memory of habits and skills that we perform, is one type of __________ memory.

“I’ll never forget the day my daughter was born,” Said Lakia’s mother. “I remember the people who were there, what they were wearing, how I felt, and the joy of seeing her for the first time!” Clearly, the birth of her daughter was a __________ to Lakia’s mother.

Which of the following brain structures does not play a role in the formation and storage of implicit long-term memories?

Hermann Ebbinghaus’s research led to the development of the __________.

The __________ law states that, in general, performance peaks with a moderate level of arousal.

After her car accident, Mollie had no memory of the party she’d been to in the hours before she suffered a head injury. She has no difficulties, however, encoding and storing new information. Mollie is suffering from __________ amnesia.

Which part of the brain is most likely to be injured in a person suffering from Anterograde amnesia?