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American Government, 1/e
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16
Civil Rights Policymaking
0
1
Which of the following constitutional provisions plays the most important role in civil rights policymaking?
Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
First Amendment
National Supremacy Clause
0
2
What is a suspect classification?
A distinction among persons made by the government that must be justified on the basis of a compelling government interest.
A distinction among persons made by the government that must have a reasonable justification.
A distinction among persons made by the government that must be justified on the basis of an exceedingly persuasive reason.
A set of criminal charges filed against persons accused of crimes.
0
3
Which of the following is a suspect classification?
A governmental distinction made among persons based on their age
A governmental distinction made among persons based on their sexual orientation
A governmental distinction made among persons based on their race.
All of the above
0
4
The judicial decision rule holding that the Supreme Court will find a government policy unconstitutional unless the government can demonstrate a compelling interest justifying the action is known as which of the following?
Suspect classification
Separate but equal
Equal Protection Clause
Strict judicial scrutiny
0
5
The Supreme Court applies strict judicial scrutiny to laws that make distinctions among persons based on which of the following criteria?
Race
Marital status
Ability/disability
All of the above
0
6
Which of the following Supreme Court cases dealt with the constitutionality of Jim Crow laws?
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Roe v. Wade
Plessy v. Ferguson
Romer v. Evans
0
7
Which of the following Supreme Court cases established the doctrine of “separate but equal”?
Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson
Sweatt v. Painter
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
0
8
Which of the following cases would NOT be considered a victory for the advocates of civil rights for African Americans?
Brown v. Board of Education
Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada
Sweatt v. Painter
Plessy v. Ferguson
0
9
The NAACP recruited the Brown family to file a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of a Kansas law that required separate schools for whites and blacks. The NAACP provided legal support and funded the case. Which of the following terms best describes this case?
Strict judicial scrutiny
Test case
Affirmative action
Jim Crow law
1
0
The Supreme Court dealt with which of the following issues in Brown v. Board of Education?
De jure segregation
De facto segregation
Racially restrictive covenants
Affirmative action
1
1
What is the relationship between Brown v. Board of Education and Plessy v. Ferguson?
Brown upheld Plessy.
Brown reversed Plessy.
Brown generally modified Plessy to clarify its impact.
Brown and Plessy were unrelated cases, addressing completely different sets of issues.
1
2
A school district assigns new students to schools based on their race with the goal of having racially balanced schools. If this practice is challenged in court, would you expect that it would be upheld or struck down?
It is likely that a court would uphold the practice because of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, which upheld the use of busing, racial quotas, and other devices to remedy the effects of past racial discrimination.
It is likely that a court would strike down the practice based on Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld separate but equal. Schools are not required to be racially balanced.
It is likely that a court would uphold the practice based on Brown v. Board of Education because racial integration is a good practice that should be encouraged.
It is likely that a court would strike down the practice based on Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1. Unless the school district has a documented history of illegally segregating students by race that must now be corrected, it cannot consider race in making school assignments.
1
3
Why did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that Virginia Military Institute (VMI) had to admit women?
Virginia was unable to demonstrate an exceedingly persuasive justification for maintaining a male-only campus.
Virginia was unable to demonstrate a rational basis for maintaining a male-only campus.
Virginia was unable to demonstrate a compelling government interest in maintaining a male-only campus.
None of the above
1
4
Which of the following was used to disfranchise African Americans?
Voting Rights Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
Tests of understanding
All of the above
1
5
Which of the following was designed to exempt whites from requirements that were used to disfranchise African Americans?
Voting Rights Act
Statutory law
Separate but equal
Grandfather clause
1
6
What was the significance of Shelley v. Kraemer?
The Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was constitutional.
The Supreme Court ruled that state governments could not enforce private contracts calling for discrimination because that action would make the state a party to discrimination.
The Supreme Court ruled that de facto school segregation was unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of civil unions.
1
7
A number of states have enacted legislation to allow gay men and lesbians the right to form civil unions, create a domestic partnership, or, in the case of Massachusetts and Connecticut, legally marry. Are these arrangements constitutional?
Yes. State governments can go beyond federal law in granting civil rights protections to their residents.
No longer. They violate a recently adopted constitutional amendment defining marriage as a union of one man and one woman.
No. They violate the federal Defense of Marriage Act.
Yes. The Supreme Court ruled gay marriage constitutional in Lawrence v. Texas.
1
8
What is the legal basis of sexual harassment complaints?
Sexual harassment is prohibited by the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Sexual harassment is prohibited based on federal laws on gender discrimination.
The Supreme Court ruled sexual harassment unconstitutional in Shelley v. Kraemer.
All sexual harassment complaints are based on state laws because no federal law or federal court ruling addresses the matter.
1
9
A law school affiliated with a major university wants to increase the number of African Americans and Hispanics in its student body. Which of the following actions can it take legally?
It can set aside a certain number of positions for minority applicants.
It can give each minority applicant a certain number of additional points in the scoring system it uses in its admissions process.
It could consider an applicant’s race or ethnicity as a “plus factor” in the admissions process.
None of the above
2
0
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke dealt with which of the following issues?
Racially restrictive covenants
Minority business set-asides
Gender discrimination in college athletics
Affirmative action in university admissions
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